Generally, the Charter School must have written permission from parents or eligible students in order to release any information from a student’s education records. However, FERPA allows the Charter School to disclose that information without consent, to the following parties or under the following conditions:
- School officials with legitimate educational interests. A School Official may include a person employed by the school as an administrator, supervisor, instructor, or support staff member (including health or medical staff and law unit personnel); a person serving on the Board; a person or company with whom the Charter School has contracted to perform a special task (such as an attorney, auditor, medical consultant, or therapist); contractors, consultants, volunteers, and other outside service providers used by the Charter School; or a parent or student serving on official committee, such as a disciplinary or grievance committee, or assisting another Charter School official in performing his/her tasks. A School Official has a legitimate educational interest if the official needs to review an educational record(s) in order to fulfill his or her professional responsibility;
- Other schools, school systems, or institutions of postsecondary education to which a student is transferring;
- Authorized representatives of the U.S. Comptroller General, U.S. Attorney General, U.S. Secretary of Education, or State and local educational authorities. Disclosures may be made in connection with an audit or evaluation of Federal or State supported education programs, or for the enforcement of or compliance with Federal legal requirements that relate to those programs. The entities and officials identified here may re-disclose student information to outside entities and/or individuals that are designated as “authorized representatives” to conduct an audit or evaluation, or enforcement or compliance activity on their behalf. A designation of an “authorized representative,” other than an employee, shall be memorialized in a written agreement. The same agreement shall contain provisions intended to guard the privacy of student information. Student records for children seven (7) years or older is exempt from the use of authorized representatives for agencies running programs to improve social, emotional and physical development;
- Appropriate parties in connection with financial aid for which a student has applied or has received, if the information is necessary to determine eligibility for aid, determine the amount of aid, determine the conditions of aid, or enforce the terms and conditions of aid;
- Organizations conducting certain studies for or on behalf of the school, to develop, validate or administer predictive tests; administer student aid programs; or improve instruction. The U.S. Comptroller General, U.S. Attorney General, U.S. Secretary of Education, or State and local educational authorities may re-disclose student information to organizations conducting studies identified here. Any re-disclosure of student information, whether by schools or the entities and officials identified here, requires a written agreement. The written agreement shall contain provisions intended to guard the privacy of student information;
- Accrediting organizations;
- To parents of dependent students for IRS tax purposes;
- To comply with a judicial order or lawfully issued subpoena;
- Appropriate officials in cases of health and safety emergencies; and
- State and local authorities within a juvenile justice system, pursuant to specific State law.
The Uninterrupted Scholars Act (USA) (Public Law 112-278), which was signed into law on January 14, 2013, amends FERPA in the following two ways:
- Educational agencies and institutions are permitted to disclose a student’s education records, without parental consent, to a caseworker or other representative of a State or local child welfare agency or tribal organization authorized to access a student’s case plan ”when such agency or organization is legally responsible, in accordance with State or tribal law, for the care and protection of the student.”
- Educational agencies and institutions are permitted to disclose a student’s education records pursuant to a judicial order without requiring additional notice to the Parent by the educational agency or institution in specified types of judicial proceedings in which a parent is involved. The theory behind this change is that the Parent has already been informed by being involved in the child abuse, neglect, or dependency proceeding.
The child welfare agency can then disclose (or re-disclose) the records to “an individual or entity engaged in addressing the student’s education needs.” This individual or entity must be authorized to receive the records and the disclosure (or re-disclosure) must be consistent with State confidentiality law.
These changes to FERPA (and, consequently, to the confidentiality provisions applicable to Parts B and C of the IDEA), help in improving educational and developmental outcomes for children in foster care by providing those agencies that are legally responsible for such children access to specific information that is maintained by those agencies that provide early intervention or educational services to such children. More specifically, child welfare agency workers must develop a written case plan for each child in foster care, which includes the education records of the child, including the most recent information regarding:
- The names and addresses of the child’s education providers;
- The child’s grade level performance;
- The child’s school record;
- Any other relevant education information the child welfare agency determines to be appropriate.
As part of the Student’s Educational Stability Plan, which is revised when placing a child in foster care, or, when a child is changing foster care placements, the agency must consider the appropriateness of the child’s current school and the proximity of that school to the foster care placement; and coordinate with the local educational agency to ensure the child can stay enrolled in his or her school of origin despite the foster care placement. However, if the child welfare agency determines it isn’t in the child’s best interests to stay in the same school, the agency must ensure that the child is immediately enrolled in a new school, and all the child’s education records are provided to that new school.
Child welfare agencies must assure that each child receiving a Federal foster care payment is a full-time elementary or secondary school student (or is incapable of attending school due to a medical condition). Federal child welfare guidance encourages child welfare agencies to ensure that children are not only enrolled, but are actually attending school.
The Charter School must maintain records of each request for access and disclosure of information from a student’s education record(s), except for disclosures to school officials with legitimate educational interests, disclosures to parties with written consent from parents or eligible students, disclosures of Directory Information (discussed below), disclosures under select judicial orders or lawfully issued subpoenas, and disclosures to parents or eligible students. Parents and eligible students have a right to inspect and review the records of requests for access and disclosures.